The spillover of race and racial attitudes into public opinion about climate change

The relationship between racial attitudes and public opinion about climate change is examined. Public opinion data from Pew and American National Election Studies surveys are used to show that racial identification and prejudices are increasingly correlated with opinions about climate change during the Obama presidency. Results show that racial identification became a significant predictor of climate change concern following Obama’s election in 2008, and that high levels of racial resentment are strongly correlated with reduced agreement with the scientific consensus on climate change. These results offer evidence for an effect termed the spillover of racialization. This helps further explain why the public remains so polarized on climate change, given the extent to which racial grievances and identities have become entangled with elite communication about climate change and its related policies today.     

Climate policy support under political consensus: exploring the varying effect of partisanship and party cues

By creating attitudinal rifts among partisan voters, political polarization is expected to negatively affect chances of effectively mitigating climate change. While such expectations generally have found support, less attention has been paid to the opposite claim that political consensus should eliminate the partisan dimension in climate change politics. This study tests this claim by studying how party identification, and party cues specifically, affects public policy attitudes in a context defined by political consensus. Using data from a large online access panel in Sweden, party identification and party cues are shown to matter for policy attitudes even in a consensus context. This effect is not limited to certain issues but is found across a wide range of policies, and the effect of party cues, for a given issue, varies across parties. The implications of this study and areas for future work are discussed.     

The News You Choose: news media preferences amplify views on climate change

How do choices among information sources reinforce political differences on topics such as climate change? Environmental sociologists have observed large-scale and long-term impacts from news media and think-tank reports, while experimental science-communication studies detect more immediate effects from variations in supplied information. Applying generalized structural equation modeling to recent survey data, previous work is extended to show that political ideology, education and their interaction predict news media information choices in much the same way they predict opinions about climate change itself. Consequently, media information sources serve as intervening variables that can reinforce and, through their own independent effects, amplify existing beliefs about climate change. Results provide empirical support for selective exposure and biased assimilation as mechanisms widening political divisions on climate change in the United States. The findings fit with the reinforcing spirals framework suggesting partisan media strengthens climate change beliefs which then influences subsequent use of media.     

废水中α-氯代环己基苯基甲酮的电化学降解

采用石墨电极对含α-氯代环己基苯基甲酮的氯化清洗水进行电化学降解。结果表明,电化学降解对COD的去除效果非常明显,并且随着电流密度增加,COD的去除效率逐渐升高,电流密度由15 mA/cm2增加至100 mA/cm2, COD的去除率从39.7%升高到72.3%;电化学降解作用下,水样可生化性显著提高,降解2 h后,(BOD5)/(COD)由原水的0.22提高到0.46;电化学降解过程中,COD的降解遵循零级反应动力学方程;此外,还对电化学降解过程中α-氯代环己基苯基甲酮的降解途径进行了推测。     

Investigation of titanium liquid/gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells

In a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell (PEMEC), liquid/gas diffusion layer (LGDL) is expected to transport electrons, heat, and reactants/products to and from the catalyst layer with minimum voltage, current, thermal, interfacial, and fluidic losses. In addition, carbon materials, which are typically used in PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs), are unsuitable in PEMECs due to the high ohmic potential and highly oxidative environment of the oxygen electrode. In this study, a set of titanium gas diffusion layers with different thicknesses and porosities are designed and examined coupled with the development of a robust titanium bipolar plate. It has been found that the performance of electrolyzer improves along with a decrease in thickness or porosity of the anode LGDL of titanium woven meshes. The ohmic resistance of anode LGDL and contact resistance between anode LGDL and the anode catalyst play dominant roles in electrolyzer performance, and better performance can be obtained by reducing ohmic resistance. Thin titanium LGDLs with straight-through pores and optimal pore morphologies are recommended for the future developments of low-cost LGDLs with minimum ohmic/transport losses.     

×飞机半封闭部位局部环境谱当量加速关系研究

目的确定局部环境谱当量加速关系。方法以×型飞机某半封闭关键部位为研究对象,依据其在机体中所处的位置及服役环境中各气候条件编制局部加速腐蚀试验环境谱,分别进行试验室周期浸润加速腐蚀和自然环境暴晒。借助涂层宏观、微观形貌检测、色差、光泽度等常规性能检测和电化学极化曲线测试,对两种不同环境下试验件进行性能测试。结果试验室周期浸润加速腐蚀196.6 h,相当于舰面停放1年,且经过实验室2个周期加速腐蚀与自然环境暴晒2年的试验件涂层形貌、失光率、色差、电化学性能一致。结论该局部环境谱当量加速关系准确可靠。     

陶瓷膜污染过程分析与膜清洗方法优化

采用膜孔径为50 nm的陶瓷膜错流过滤方式,对碱性高浓度有机洗涤废水进行9个周期的膜通量衰减及反向脉冲清洗再生实验研究.通过设计膜污染阻力构成实验,测算膜污染总阻力及其构成比例.实验结果表明,膜固有阻力比例较低,浓差极化污染较弱,Rt和Rc+Rirt污染阻力稳定性较高,膜堵塞形式兼有孔内堵塞和滤饼过滤；选择质量分数0.1％的稀盐酸和0.2％的草酸溶液膜清洗效果均较好,清洗时间为3 min,脉冲时间和频率为3 s/5 s.     

山东半岛城市群地区空间极化及其影响因素研究

以县（市）作为研究单元，采用综合指数法，分别计算山东半岛城市群1986、2008年经济社会发展综合指数，通过比较各单元经济社会发展综合指数的变化，研究了20世纪80年代以来山东半岛城市群地区空间极化的特点；采用面板数据模型，定量探讨了山东半岛城市群地区空间极化的影响因素。研究表明：山东半岛城市群地区经济活动有明显的经济中心指向、沿海指向，空间发展依然以极化为主，新的发展极已经出现，但分布在区域的边缘地带，带动作用不大；大都市区整体规模加剧膨胀，核心和外围地区出现极化和反极化现象；东部地区出现网络化发展的雏形。原有经济基础、产业结构转换能力和经济全球化水平是改革开放以来山东半岛城市群地区空间极化的主要影响因素     

中国省际碳排放极化格局研究

温室气体减排是减缓气候变化的重要途径.由于资源、劳动力、资本和技术等要素的差异,我国社会经济发展不平衡,碳减排的潜力也各不同.文章在计算中国雀际碳排放的基础上,运用基尼系数和空间自相关的方法,刻画了1990年到2007年中国省际碳排放时空分布格局和聚集程度,有利于设立合理的长期减排目标和战略,实现碳排放空间的公平分配,促进区域协调发展.研究表明,碳总量和碳强度都呈现正的空间自相关性,在局部空间上出现了高值的聚集现象.碳强度的极化现象比碳总量更加严重.文章最后根据区域经济发展,资源禀赋,碳排放聚集等,因地制宜地提出了碳排放区划方案.区划结果显示出资源丰裕程度与碳强度的关系,有利于实施差异化的减排战略,实现经济发展与碳排放脱钩.     

基于单片机的低成本硫化氢监测系统设计

设计了一款基于单片机AT89S52的低成本硫化氢监测报警系统,介绍了该系统的工作原理和设计方法。硫化氢气体浓度由电化学气体传感器ME4-H2S采集,电流信号经I/V转换后送单片机处理并通过LCD显示当前浓度,通过与设定标准浓度进行比较,继而判断是否发出报警。仿真测试表明,该系统结构简单,工作可靠,指示灯颜色显示三级不同警报,可以应用于高温沙漠、下水道、石油天然气钻井作业等恶劣气候、恶劣环境场合。